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Image - As the nose of the airplane approaches the front of the South Tower of the World Trade Center, fractions of a second before the actual impact, there was a kind of lightning to be seen. This lightning or maybe "ignition spark" apparently originated from a pod that was mounted on the bottom side of the fuselage, impliedly visible in the photos top right and bottom left. The photo bottom right shows a similar lightning during the approach of the airplane to the North Tower. Were these lightnings perhaps generate from a military equipment in order to cause thereby an ignition of "something"? Was it perhaps a "Tesla Howitzer" which was supposed to melt down the steel girders instantaneously?
No, they are stupid because they rely on pseudoscience.clarky003 said:They are stupid questions to you because you have already made your mind up simple as that.
all are perfectly sensible question's and im sure even most critique's bar you perhaps would say the same.wikipedia said:"I remember getting a call from the Fire Department commander, telling me they were not sure they were gonna be able to contain the fire, and I said, you know, 'We've had such terrible loss of life, maybe the smartest thing to do is just pull it.' And they made that decision to pull and we watched the building collapse."
Some suggest that this statement could have been referring to demolition, since "pull" is alleged to be a standard industry term used at the moment a collapse is triggered. Critics of this theory argue the term "pull" was in reference to "evacuating" the firefighting team from the building.
Silverstein's spokesperson, Mr. McQuillan, later clarified:
"In the afternoon of September 11, Mr. Silverstein spoke to the Fire Department Commander on site at Seven World Trade Center. The Commander told Mr. Silverstein that there were several firefighters in the building working to contain the fires. Mr. Silverstein expressed his view that the most important thing was to protect the safety of those firefighters, including, if necessary, to have them withdraw from the building."
Mr. McQuillan has commented that by "it," Mr. Silverstein meant the contingent of firefighters remaining in the building.
The towers collapsed completely in intervals of time similar to that taken for a block of wood dropped from a tower's roof to reach the ground. A block of wood has about the same average density as the main components of the towers near their tops.
In a vacuum a block of wood (or lead) would take 9.2 seconds to fall from the tower's roof. In the air a block of wood, say ten inches on a side, might take 50 percent longer than in a vacuum. Fifteen seconds, a good estimate for the total time of collapse of the North Tower, is about the time it would take our block to fall from the roof. The rubble from the tower probably had similar average density to our block of wood, since the floor slabs consisted of corrugated sheet metal and lightweight concrete, and the perimeter steel columns were hollow with walls only 1/4th inch thick at the towers' tops. Air resistance alone could account for the slowing of the falls to the point where each tower took about 15 seconds to completely come down.
The official story requires that more than air resistance was slowing the descents. The falling rubble would be having to crush every story below the crash zone -- ripping apart the steel grids of the outer walls and obliterating the steel lattice of the core structure. The resistance of the intact building itself would be thousands of times greater than air resistance.
If air resistance is able to increase total collapse times by even 20 percent, then shouldn't the addition of the resistance of the buildings themselves increase the time several thousand percent, to at least tens of minutes?
Of course the idea of a collapse lasting minutes is absurd. So is the idea of a steel frame building crushing itself.
There are several pieces of evidence that show the structure of the 30 stories of the South Tower above the impact zone was shattered before it started its precipitous plunge. How could the steel frame of many stories above the impact zone have broken up even before it started to fall? The proponents of gravity-driven collapse maintain that the tops of the towers crushed the floors below the impact zones as they fell. The tops functioned as pistons, according to Bazant and Zhou, crushing the stories one by one. What one actually sees in the case of the South Tower is that their piston disintegrated even before it started to fall. A gravity-driven collapse cannot account for that disintegration, nor for how a cloud of rubble could crush the intact structure below the impact zone.
Both of the Twin Towers exploded into vast clouds of dust. That the clouds expanded to five times the volume of the towers within 30 seconds of the initiation of their collapses is a conservative estimate.
If the collapses were merely gravity-driven, then any clouds of debris produced in the immediate aftermath should have occupied about the same amount of space as the intact towers before they had time to significantly mix into the surrounding air. The bulk of the clouds could only come from the expulsion of gases in the buildings as they collapsed, and the mixing of ambient air into the clouds. The contribution of mixing increases over time, and is unbounded. However, the dust clouds appear to expand more rapidly than can be accounted for by mixing. This implies that heat energy was being added to the clouds in order to cause the gases to expand, and/or water to vaporize.
Could the known energy sources have accounted for the pre-mixing expansion? This question is treated in some quantitative detail in the paper: The North Tower's Dust Cloud: Analysis of Energy Requirements for the Expansion of the Dust Cloud Following the Collapse of 1 World Trade Center. This paper estimates the dust cloud volume of the North Tower and shows that, even allowing for expansion due to mixing, the heat sink is many times greater than the tower's gravitational energy. Even without such quantitative analysis, it is clear that the gravitational energy of the towers alone could not have driven the dust clouds' expansion, given limitations on conversion of that energy to heat and the apparent absence of extensive mixing early in the clouds' development.
The expansion of the dust clouds presents problems for the gravity collapse theory that are evident without quantitative analysis. Here we consider the role of the two main factors that could have worked to expand the dust clouds.
* Heating of the air due to friction of the collapse
* Mixing of the cloud's gases and suspended solids with ambient air
Did Friction Multiply the Clouds' Volumes?
Suppose that nearly all of the gravitational energy of the towers was converted into friction and therefore heat. Would that have been sufficient to expand the dust clouds? A clue is that in a typical demolition, the volume of the dust cloud grows to only slightly larger than the intact building's volume immediately following the collapse. Even if the gravitational potential energy of the towers was great enough to drive the expansion, it is highly doubtful that much of it would be converted into heat in the dust clouds, for several reasons.
* Rubble falling through the air would not generate much heat energy until it hit the ground, and then most of the energy would be converted to ground movement and the finer breakup of the rubble rather than heat.
* Rubble crushing the building would convert much of its kinetic energy to friction in the steel frame in the process of shredding it. The steel frame would not have enough surface area to transfer much heat to the gases during the split second in which the building around any given piece of steel was crushed, so most of the heat would have ended up in the rubble pile.
* If much of the gravitational energy was converted to heat through friction, it would have necessitated longer collapse times than were observed.
At least one academic paper has attempted to explain the rapidity of the collapses by promoting a questionably applicable mathematical model alleged to predict a nearly frictionless total collapse. Since that model has each tower neatly pulling itself down at near the speed of free-fall, there would be very little heat produced to drive the dust cloud expansion.
Did Mixing Expand the Clouds?
Mixing of building air with ambient air could not account for the rapidity of the expansion of the dust clouds, nor their appearance. Mixing of gases can occur through diffusion or convection. Diffusion is not relevant, since it is the space occupied by suspended particles that defines the volume of the cloud. Convection could only expand the cloud if there was a high degree of turbulence on the cloud's boundary, and would have produced a diffuse boundary. That does not appear to have occurred in the early stages of the Twin Towers' dust clouds. The clouds maintained well-defined interfaces as they expanded to many times the buildings' volumes. Moreover, features on the surface of the clouds evolved slowly relative to the movement of large portions of the cloud. The distinct boundaries and persistent shapes mean the clouds were expanding primarily by pushing aside the ambient air, not by assimilating it.
General Zex said:Steel buildings do not just collapse because of fires. Anyone believing that this is the case does not want to explore further options.
To bring down the towers with planes alone, the planes would have needed to crash about 3/4 of the way down the towers, close to the ground, and would have needed to nearly soar through the entire width of the building to provide enough instability as to cause the top levels to fall onto the bottom levels. But there is also a problem with this, the top levels would TOPPLE, not fall down symmetrically.
Anyone questioning WHY the government would have to do this obviously hasn't paid attention to current events. We have seen two wars in the last 4 years, ALL BECAUSE OF 9/11. That is reason ENOUGH for WHY the government needed to take down the Twin Towers.
To analyze the metalurgical properties of the steel contained within the WTC buildings would be possible, if the government hadn't carted them away and locked them up...
The maximum flame temperature increase for burning hydrocarbons (jet fuel) in air is, thus, about 1000 °C -- hardly sufficient to melt steel at 1500 °C."
"But it is very difficult to reach [even] this maximum temperature with a diffuse flame. There is nothing to ensure that the fuel and air in a diffuse flame are mixed in the best ratio... This is why the temperatures in a residential fire are usually in the 500 °C to 650 °C range [Cote, 1992]. It is known that the WTC fire was a fuel-rich, diffuse flame as evidenced by the copious black smoke.... It is known that structural steel begins to soften around 425 °C and loses about half of its strength at 650 °C [Cote, 1992]. This is why steel is stress relieved in this temperature range. But even a 50% loss of strength is still insufficient, by itself, to explain the WTC collapse... The WTC, on this low-wind day, was likely not stressed more than a third of the design allowable... Even with its strength halved, the steel could still support two to three times the stresses imposed by a 650 °C fire."
General Zex said:Steel buildings do not just collapse because of fires. Anyone believing that this is the case does not want to explore further options.
To bring down the towers with planes alone, the planes would have needed to crash about 3/4 of the way down the towers, close to the ground, and would have needed to nearly soar through the entire width of the building to provide enough instability as to cause the top levels to fall onto the bottom levels. But there is also a problem with this, the top levels would TOPPLE, not fall down symmetrically.
Anyone questioning WHY the government would have to do this obviously hasn't paid attention to current events. We have seen two wars in the last 4 years, ALL BECAUSE OF 9/11. That is reason ENOUGH for WHY the government needed to take down the Twin Towers.
To analyze the metalurgical properties of the steel contained within the WTC buildings would be possible, if the government hadn't carted them away and locked them up...
clarky003 said:2000 degrees.
Where do you get your figures from , that is grosely exagerated, your probably getting farenheit confused with Celcius.
We see from the photograph above that solid metal slag existed at salmon-to-yellow-hot temperature (approx. 1550 - 1900 oF, 845 - 1040 oC.) The temperature is well above the melting temperatures of lead and aluminum, and these metals can evidently be ruled out since they would be runny liquids at much lower (cherry-red or below) temperatures. However, the observed hot specimen could be structural steel (from the building) or iron (from a thermite reaction) or a combination of the two
Most likely because the fires were hot enough to melt it.clarky003 said:So why was there molten steel, not only dripping from the side of the building....
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2991254740145858863&q=cameraplanet+9/11
but for weeks and weeks large deposited hot spot's remaining in the basement.
http://www.physics.byu.edu/research/energy/hotSlag.jpg
http://plaguepuppy.net/public_html/video archive/red_hot_ground_zero_low_quality.wmv
Glirk Dient said:Despite the jet fuel burning at a cool 2000 degrees
Are you saying that they built the WTC just for 9-11?clarky003 said:The designers of the Twin Towers were able to meet all 5 challenges using steel and concrete.
CHALLENGE #1:
Build an upright structure that will undergo progressive collapse.
CHALLENGE #2:
Build an upright structure with a square footprint and an aspect ratio of at least 6.5 (6.5 times as high as it is wide) that will undergo progressive collapse.
CHALLENGE #3:
Build a structure as required by CHALLENGE #2 which, in the collapse process, will throw pieces outward in all directions such that at least 80% of the weight of the materials ends up lying outside of the footprint, but their center of mass lies inside the footprint.
CHALLENGE #4:
Build a structure as required by CHALLENGE #2 which is also capable of withstanding a 100 MPH wind without collapsing. The structure has to be closed in the sense that it cannot allow air to pass through it.
CHALLENGE #5:
Build a structure that meets the requirements of both CHALLENGES #3 and #4.
No, we don't.clarky003 said:we know there was molten steel observed before collapse and left for months afterwards in the basement levels,
No official speed has ever been given for the fall.Perhaps if you would bother to stop waffling on about what you consider pseudoscience, you may want to have a look into how a building would freefall by a purely gravity driven collapse
This is the same source that told you the tower fell in freefall, and is therefore already not reliable.The break up of the top
The volume of dust
You have presented no valid evidence to support this theory.If it was most likely a gravity driven collapse, why where all of these physical signs that contradict that conclusion observed?
By shirking the burden of proof onto others, you are refusing to put forward any tangible evidence of your own.challenge
Bonus information.wikipedia article on 9/11 conspiracy said:According to Farid Alfawak-hiri of the American Institute of Steel Construction, "Steel loses about 50 percent of its strength at 1100 °F (593 °C)," Asif Usmani of Edinburgh University concluded that the interconnecting beams of the towers could have expanded by around 9 cm at 500 °C (930 °F), causing the floors above to buckle.
http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/defense/1227842.html?page=4&c=yJet fuel wasn't the only thing burning, notes Forman Williams, Professor of Engineering at the University of California, San Diego. He says that while the jet fuel was the catalyst for the WTC fires, the resulting inferno was intensified by the combustible material inside the buildings, including rugs, curtains, furniture and paper. NIST reports that pockets of fire hit 1832°F, high enough to cause structural failure.
http://www.concretecentre.com/main.asp?page=1095The fire at the Madrid Windsor Tower has recently put more focus on this topic. In February 2005, this 32-story building burned for nearly 24 hours resulting in a partial collapse. In the aftermath, authorities observed how the steel portions involved in the fire had, in fact, collapsed. However, the Windsor Tower was framed in steel-reinforced concrete rather than steel alone, and thus, is not a close comparison to the WTC towers.
http://www.icivilengineer.com/News/wtc.php[...]the mainstream of the academic world has yet to be convinced. Massachusetts Institute of Technology has devoted a number of staff members to the analysis of the World Trade Center collapse. Numerous aspects of the collapse have been documented and reviewed within the scientific community. The country's leading structural and civil engineers have examined the attack from the point of impact up to the point of collapse, concluding that explosives were not necessary to provide what the world observed.
Critics of the demolition theory also point out that such demolitions is a labor-intensive task that leaves signs of the work, such as stripping away building materials to expose the structural supports, and running cables from the explosives to the detonation timers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11_ConspiracyIn support of the common account of the collapse, Dr. Thomas Eagar, professor of materials engineering and engineering systems at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has stated that the building "would have had to have tipped at least 100 feet to one side in order to move its center of gravity from the center of the building out beyond its base." In other words, according to him, the structure had no choice but to fall straight down, following the path of least resistance.
Erestheux said:Are you a moron? Are you seriously that stupid? Do you think you know everything? Do you have any idea about any kind of physics?
You, sir, are a dumb piece of shit. I suggest you learn to use that thing inside your skull.
It wasn't the planes hitting the towers that took them down. It was the heat of the thousands of gallons of gasoline that melted all of the steel after a while. Once one floor toppled, the rest did.
I hope you're having fun making this baseless accusations in the safety of your house. Idiot.
That is not the general concensus.General Zex said:I was telling the general concensus here, who seem to believe that the planes are the only cause of the collapse of the towers.
Again, you are attempting to refute a claim that does not exist.The Twin Towers were 110 stories tall with the planes crashing into the upper stories. From a physics standpoint, not only is it impossible for the building to collapse with planes and debris merely crashing into them (if the weight was substantial enough to cause collapse, it would have instantly after the planes hit.)
Again, no-one is claiming that the entire building was consumed by fire.As well, jet fuel and fires would have had to spread quite a ways down the building to effect enough of the structural supports to destroy the entire building.
Correct. It would be unlikely or even impossible for the building to not fall straight downwards.Both towers were completely obliterated, with the collapse going down the entire length of the towers.
Once again, you are trying to refute a claim that does not exist. No-one has claimed that the crash damage was the sole source of collapse.wrecking ball?
The weight of the falling floors would be cumulative.Mind you, the structure of the WTC held the weight of so many floors above it for years and years without collapsing. Nor, if the weight became such a burden that it needed to collapse, would it do so in a manner that is a poster child for controlled demolitions.
Mechagodzilla said:That is not the general concensus.
The general concensus is that NIST is correct, meaning that the crashes and fires combined led to the significant weakening of the supports surrounding the impact zones. The failure of the weakened steel was the overall cause of the damage.
Me said:Here's what REALLY happened. George Bush got abducted by the Lich King who inserted thousands of leechs which coincidentally were Yeerks and terrorists into Bush's ear. They also converted Bush into a commie, and a rumour-monger.
I've got first hand proof. Go to this link, this and this one too. If you see, all three sources back my my theory perfectly, so you better believe it.
NIST is analyzing them as we speak, and the known properties already match what happened.
So much for the coverup.
why would NIST take this long?The results of the examination are striking. They reveal a phenomenon never before observed in building fires: eutectic reactions, which caused "intergranular melting capable of turning a solid steel girder into Swiss cheese."
clarky003 said:Thats bull your making things up, FEMA did there analysis ages ago why would they take so long?
Popular mechanic's seems totally politically motivated, they dont bother to address the question's of molten steel, so I find their position very odd, they dont even debunk any characterisitic's of demolishion.
and a comprehensive counter of that popular mechanic's article can be found here
Wrong.lol Thats bull, your making things up, most of the steel has been sold for scrap FEMA did the only analysis ages ago and found signs of a possible thermite reaction
Read the actual article, smartguy.Popular mechanic's seems totally politically motivated, they dont bother to address the question's of molten steel they simply say fire melt's steel, which it does not[.]
I find that answer very odd, they dont even debunk any characterisitic's of demolishion all they merely do is 'attempt' to explain it under the gravity driven collapse theory.
This article is based on refuting outdated information.
They do not.It raises some strong point's as to the physics error's the popular mechanics people apparently support, such as hydrocarbon fire's being able to melt steel
It is not clear because you have presented no scientific evidence to that effect, no peer reviewed sources and no actual science of any sort.and the piledriver theory, even though its clear the piledriver breaks up as it makes its descent... etc
Even if I were just raping the concept science as badly as you are, that would be no excuse for you to do the same.But its ok im sure you can carry on ignoring this mech as its you who is supporting pseudoscience.
Mechagodzilla said:Please stop embarassing yourself and the thousands who died.
Think before you post: "Are my claims pseudoscientific?"
However, you've re-highlighted the most important question and the one that nobody has attempted to address yet: how the hell did They convince that many people to take part in the conspiracy?
The building is full of other stuff to burn, that adds to it. Not to mention all of the carpeting, that stuff burns pretty hot and will add to the heat. Not to mention if they did use thermite and explosives why didn't the firefighters report that over their radios? Would every firefighter have to be in on the conspiracy and sacrificed themselves too?clarky003 said:Im sorry but they are you dunce. If youd bother to find out the melting temperatures of steel and temperatures of hydrocarbon fires which ive already posted its clear that popular mechanic's are incorrect and do not scientifically account for molten steel, for the reason that physic's proffessor's have disputed the origional story.
clarky003 said:Okay well how many people may of been envolved in setting it up? I dont know, how many people would they need to convince? there are no numbers, people assume alot of service people would of had a part in the set up, but why assume thats true, all you would need are a well trained handful of people to pull it off if it did happen.
This idea that hundreds or thousands of people would of been in on it is a mad assumption that is made to make it sound like its impossible. Certain high ranking people who control security would have to of been a part of it and there motives would be monitary and political get it right and instead of waiting for years to goto war in the middle east they can get impetus to go within months, then all you need is a handful of people to set it up, remember if thermite and explosives where used it would of been in the stepped up weekly evacuation drills before 9/11 it wouldnt take a small team of highly trained covert operations people posing as security or unaccountable civilians very long to get in and get the work done over a few weeks.
I disagree, my sulky friend.Sulkdodds said:That's going a little bit far. Refute the argument sure, but not start going 'YOU'RE DEMEANING THEIR DEATHS!' That's like when people say an American is unpatriotic for not supporting the Iraq war and is demeaning the memory of the troops who have died.
Here is a simple list of ways folks exploit pseudoscience:
* by asserting claims or theories unconnected to previous experimental results
You are basically rejecting the entire NIST report in favor of your handful of conspiracy-based questions about bombs.
* by asserting claims which cannot be verified or falsified (claims that violate falsifiability);
Just for one, your oft-repeated Larry Silverstien quote: "'Pulled' means 'exploded'"? You don't know that.
Other unfalsifiable claims include the mystery magic bombs (of which no physical or photographic evidence exists).
* by asserting claims which contradict experimentally established results;
Again, you reject the entire NIST and the conclusions of the scientific community at large.
* by habitually changing the nature of its claims to deflect criticism;
You're always saying things like "that looks like a thermite charge went off!" or "look at that explosive squib!" but then when people ask you how you came to those conclusions, you say you are "only asking questions."
* by failing to provide an experimental possibility of reproducible results;
That's a big one right there. Because you are "only asking questions", you haven't provided even a theoretical situation in which you would accept that you are wrong.
It's another case of proving a negative. "Prove that unicorns don't live inside the sun."
* by failing to submit results to peer review prior to publicizing them (called "science by press conference")
This is what all of your sources do, including the titular nuclear physicist of this thread.
* by claiming a theory predicts something that it does not or by claiming a theory predicts something that it has not been shown to predict;
You are continuously claiming that your theory predicts that NIST and common sense are incorrect without any evidence of such.
* by violating Occam's Razor, the heuristic principle of choosing the explanation that requires the fewest additional assumptions when multiple viable explanations are possible
Your questions require about a million assumptions to accept including international conspiracy, invisible mystery bombs, remote-controlled airplanes and about a billion other guessed things.
*or by a lack of progress toward additional evidence of its claims.
By "only asking questions," you are making absolutely no progress in providing any evidence.
thats a dreadful conclusion, why are [my questions pseudoscientific]?
Im sorry but they are you dunce. If youd bother to find out the melting temperatures of steel and temperatures of hydrocarbon fires which ive already posted its clear that popular mechanic's are incorrect and do not scientifically account for molten steel, for the reason that physic's proffessor's have disputed the origional story.
claiming im stupid when your ignoring simple temprature's and melting point's that are know is quite funny.
popular mechanics article said:FACT: Jet fuel burns at 800° to 1500°F, not hot enough to melt steel (2750°F). However, experts agree that for the towers to collapse, their steel frames didn't need to melt, they just had to lose some of their structural strength--and that required exposure to much less heat. "I have never seen melted steel in a building fire," says retired New York deputy fire chief Vincent Dunn, author of The Collapse Of Burning Buildings: A Guide To Fireground Safety. "But I've seen a lot of twisted, warped, bent and sagging steel. What happens is that the steel tries to expand at both ends, but when it can no longer expand, it sags and the surrounding concrete cracks."
"Steel loses about 50 percent of its strength at 1100°F," notes senior engineer Farid Alfawak-hiri of the American Institute of Steel Construction. "And at 1800° it is probably at less than 10 percent." NIST also believes that a great deal of the spray-on fireproofing insulation was likely knocked off the steel beams that were in the path of the crashing jets, leaving the metal more vulnerable to the heat.
No, Sulky. Its not like saying that at all, in the slightest.Sulkdodds said:That's going a little bit far. Refute the argument sure, but not start going 'YOU'RE DEMEANING THEIR DEATHS!' That's like when people say an American is unpatriotic for not supporting the Iraq war and is demeaning the memory of the troops who have died.
We see from the photograph above that solid metal slag existed at salmon-to-yellow-hot temperature (approx. 1550 - 1900 oF, 845 - 1040 oC.) The temperature is well above the melting temperatures of lead and aluminum, and these metals can evidently be ruled out since they would be runny liquids at much lower (cherry-red or below) temperatures. However, the observed hot specimen could be structural steel (from the building) or iron (from a thermite reaction) or a combination of the two.